The Nine Strategies toolkit

1. Design for Longevity 
   Products are built to last, with durable materials and timeless aesthetics.
2. Design for Disassembly 
   Components can be easily separated for repair, reuse, or recycling.
3. Use of Sustainable Materials 
   Preference for renewable, biodegradable, or recycled materials.
4. Modularity and Upgradability 
   Products can be upgraded or modified without replacing the whole item.
5. Closed-Loop Systems 
   Materials and products are kept in circulation as long as possible.
6. User-Centric Design 
   Encourages sharing, leasing, or product-as-a-service models.
7. Regeneration of Natural Systems 
   Designs that contribute positively to ecosystems (e.g., compostable packaging).

Step 1: Understand the Lifecycle

• Map out the full lifecycle of your product or service.
• Identify where waste is generated and where value is lost.

Step 2: Define Circular Goals

• Set clear objectives: reduce waste, increase reuse, improve recyclability, etc.
• Align with sustainability standards or certifications (e.g., Cradle to Cradle, B Corp).

Step 3: Material Selection

• Choose materials that are recyclable, renewable, or biodegradable.
• Avoid composites or toxic substances that hinder recycling.

Step 4: Design for Disassembly

• Use fasteners instead of adhesives.
• Label materials clearly for sorting and recycling.

Step 5: Enable Repair and Reuse

• Provide spare parts, repair guides, and support services.
• Design components to be easily replaceable.

Step 6: Consider Business Models

• Explore leasing, subscription, or take-back schemes.
• Encourage product-as-a-service to retain ownership and control over lifecycle.

Step 7: Collaborate Across the Value Chain

• Work with suppliers, manufacturers, and recyclers.
• Ensure circularity is embedded from sourcing to end-of-life.

Step 8: Test and Iterate

• Prototype and test circular features.
• Gather feedback and refine the design for better performance and sustainability.

Step 9: Educate and Communicate

• Inform users about how to use, maintain, and return products.
• Highlight the environmental benefits of circular design.

Step 10: Measure Impact

• Track metrics like waste reduction, material recovery, and carbon footprint.
• Use lifecycle assessments (LCAs) to quantify improvements.

1. Material Reclamation
   Recovery of metals, plastics, paper, glass, and other materials for reuse or recycling.
2. Energy Recovery 
   Conversion of waste into usable energy (e.g., biogas, electricity, heat).
3. Biological Recovery 
   Composting or anaerobic digestion of organic waste to produce soil enhancers or bioenergy.
4. Industrial Symbiosis 
   Waste from one process becomes input for another (e.g., heat, chemicals, by-products).
5. Waste Auditing and Segregation 
   Systematic sorting and analysis of waste to identify recoverable resources.
6. Technology-Driven Sorting 
   Use of AI, robotics, and sensor-based systems to improve recovery efficiency.

Step 1: Conduct a Waste Audit 

• Identify types, volumes, and sources of waste in your operations.
• Categorize waste into recoverable and non-recoverable streams. 

Step 2: Set Recovery Goals 

• Define targets for material recovery, energy generation, or landfill diversion.
• Align with sustainability KPIs or regulatory requirements. 

Step 3: Design for Recovery 

• Modify product and packaging design to facilitate easier material separation.
• Avoid mixed materials or contaminants that hinder recovery. 

Step 4: Implement Segregation Systems 

• Set up bins, signage, and training for proper waste sorting.
• Use color-coded systems or smart bins to improve compliance. 

Step 5: Choose Recovery Technologies 

• Select appropriate technologies based on waste type:
  • Mechanical recycling for plastics and metals.
  • Composting for food and garden waste.
  • Anaerobic digestion for organic sludge.
  • Waste-to-energy for non-recyclables. 

Step 6: Partner with Recovery Providers 

• Collaborate with recyclers, composters, or energy recovery facilities.
• Ensure traceability and transparency in recovery processes. 

Step 7: Monitor and Report 

• Track recovery rates, cost savings, and environmental impact.
• Use dashboards or software to visualize performance. 

Step 8: Educate and Engage 

• Train staff and stakeholders on proper waste handling.
• Communicate the benefits of resource recovery internally and externally. 

Step 9: Innovate and Improve 

• Explore new technologies (e.g., chemical recycling, AI sorting).
• Pilot new recovery methods and scale successful ones.

1. Data-Driven Decision Making 
   Technologies like IoT and AI provide real-time insights into product usage, wear, and recovery potential.
2. Traceability and Transparency 
   Blockchain and digital twins help track materials and products across their lifecycle.
3. Automation and Efficiency 
   Robotics and smart sorting systems streamline disassembly, recycling, and remanufacturing.
4. Material Innovation 
   Advanced materials and bioengineering enable biodegradable, recyclable, or regenerative products.
5. Platform Integration 
   Digital platforms support sharing, leasing, and product-as-a-service models.
6. Scalability and Monitoring Cloud computing and analytics allow for scalable circular operations and performance tracking.

Step 1: Assess Needs and Opportunities 

• Identify which circular practices (e.g. remanufacturing, leasing, recycling) you want to enhance.
• Map current processes and pinpoint inefficiencies or gaps. 

Step 2: Select Relevant Technologies 

• Match technologies to goals:
  • IoT sensors for tracking product usage and condition.
  • AI/ML for predictive maintenance and sorting.
  • Blockchain for supply chain transparency.
  • Robotics for automated disassembly or sorting.
  • Digital platforms for leasing, sharing, or take-back schemes. 

Step 3: Pilot and Prototype 

• Start with a small-scale pilot to test integration and performance.
• Use digital twins or simulations to model circular flows. 

Step 4: Build Infrastructure 

• Ensure compatibility with existing systems (ERP, CRM, logistics).
• Set up data collection, storage, and analytics capabilities. 

Step 5: Train Teams and Stakeholders 

• Provide training on new tools and workflows.
• Foster a culture of innovation and circular thinking. 

Step 6: Monitor and Optimise 

• Use dashboards and KPIs to track performance (e.g. recovery rates, lifecycle extension).
• Refine algorithms and processes based on feedback and data. 

Step 7: Scale and Integrate 

• Expand successful pilots across departments or product lines.
• Integrate enabling technologies into core business strategy. 

Step 8: Collaborate and Share 

• Partner with tech providers, recyclers, and other stakeholders.
• Share data and insights to improve industry-wide circularity.

1. Usage-Based Billing: 
   Customers pay based on how much they use the product.
2. Maintenance & Upgrades Included: 
   The provider handles upkeep, repairs, and updates.
3. Data-Driven Optimisation: 
   Usage data helps improve performance and customer experience.
4. Sustainability: 
   Encourages reuse, recycling, and longer product lifecycles.

Step 1:  Identify the Core Product or Service 

• What do you currently offer that could be turned into a repeatable, scalable service?
• Examples in business support might include:
  • Financial reporting tools
  • HR compliance audits
  • IT support packages
  • Workflow automation solutions

Step 2: Define the Service Model 

• Choose a delivery model:
  • Subscription (monthly/annual access)
  • Pay-per-use (charged based on usage)
  • Tiered packages (basic, premium, enterprise)
• Include value-added features like:
  • Regular updates
  • Support and training
  • Performance analytics

Step 3: Digitise and Automate 

• Use platforms or tools to deliver the service efficiently:
  • Cloud-based dashboards
  • Automated reporting
  • Self-service portals
• This makes the service feel like a “product” with consistent outcomes.

Step 4: Build a Recurring Revenue Model 

• Shift from project-based billing to recurring payments.
• Offer flexible contracts to encourage long-term engagement.

Step 5: Measure and Optimize 

• Track usage, satisfaction, and ROI for clients.
• Use data to improve the service and personalize offerings.

Step 6: Market the Offering 

• Position it as a solution to a problem, not just a service.
• Highlight benefits like:
  • Cost predictability
  • Reduced internal workload
  • Continuous improvement

1. Product-as-a-Service (PaaS) 
   Customers pay for the use or performance of a product, not ownership.
2. Extended Product Lifecycle 
   Products are maintained, repaired, and reused by the provider.
3. Ownership Retention 
   The company retains ownership, enabling take-back and recycling.
4. Predictable Revenue Stream 
   Leasing provides recurring income and long-term customer relationships.
5. Incentive for Durability 
   Since the provider bears maintenance costs, products are designed to last.
6. Flexibility for Customers 
   Customers can upgrade, switch, or return products easily.

Step 1: Identify Suitable Products 

• Choose products with long lifespans, high value, and potential for reuse.
• Examples: electronics, furniture, appliances, vehicles, industrial equipment. 

Step 2: Design for Leasing 

• Ensure products are durable, repairable, and easy to refurbish.
• Include tracking features (e.g., RFID, QR codes) for asset management. 

Step 3: Develop the Leasing Offer 

• Define lease terms: duration, pricing, maintenance, upgrades.
• Decide on service levels: basic lease, full-service lease, or performance based. 

Step 4: Set Up Infrastructure 

• Create systems for logistics, maintenance, returns, and refurbishment.
• Train staff or partners to handle servicing and customer support. 

Step 5: Legal and Financial Framework 

• Draft leasing contracts with clear terms on usage, liability, and returns.
• Set up billing systems for recurring payments and asset depreciation. 

Step 6: Launch and Educate 

• Market the leasing model to customers, highlighting benefits (cost savings, flexibility, sustainability).
• Provide onboarding and support to ensure smooth adoption. 

Step 7: Monitor and Optimise 

• Track product usage, maintenance needs, and customer satisfaction.
• Use data to improve product design, pricing, and service offerings. 

Step 8: End-of-Lease Strategy 

• Offer options: renew lease, upgrade, buyout, or return.
• Refurbish returned products for reuse or recycle components responsibly.

1. Quality Equivalent to New 
   Remanufactured products meet or exceed original performance standards.
2. Systematic Process 
   Involves disassembly, cleaning, inspection, replacement of worn parts, reassembly, and testing.
3. Retention of Value 
   Preserves the embedded energy and materials from the original product.
4. Cost and Resource Efficiency 
   Typically cheaper and less resource-intensive than manufacturing from scratch.
5. Warranty and Certification 
   Often comes with warranties similar to new products, ensuring customer confidence.
6. Scalability 
   Suitable for industries with high-value components (e.g., automotive, aerospace, electronics, medical devices).

Step 1: Identify Suitable Products 

• Choose products with high value, durable components, and predictable wear patterns.
• Ideal candidates include engines, electronics, machinery, and tools. 

Step 2: Design for Remanufacture 

• Use modular designs and standardised components.
• Avoid adhesives and complex assemblies that hinder disassembly. 

Step 3: Establish Take-Back Systems 

• Create reverse logistics to collect used products from customers.
• Offer incentives like trade-ins, discounts, or deposit schemes. 

Step 4: Set Up Remanufacturing Facility 

• Equip with tools for disassembly, cleaning, testing, and reassembly.
• Train staff in quality control and remanufacturing protocols. 

Step 5: Develop Inspection and Sorting Criteria 

• Assess returned products for remanufacturing potential.
• Sort into categories: re-manufacturable, repairable, recyclable, or waste. 

Step 6: Standardise the Process 

• Create Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for each stage: disassembly, cleaning, part replacement, reassembly, and testing.
• Use quality assurance systems to ensure consistency. 

Step 7: Certify and Warranty Products 

• Provide warranties and certifications to build trust and meet regulatory standards.
• Label remanufactured products clearly to distinguish from new or refurbished. 

Step 8: Market the Remanufactured Products 

• Highlight environmental and cost benefits.
• Target value-conscious and sustainability-minded customers. 

Step 9: Monitor and Improve 

• Track performance, customer feedback, and return rates.
• Use data to refine product design and remanufacturing processes.

1. Extended Product Lifespan 
   Items are kept in use longer, delaying disposal and reducing demand for new resources.
2. Minimal Processing 
   Unlike recycling, reuse doesn’t require breaking down materials—saving energy and cost.
3. Versatility 
   Products can be reused in their original form or repurposed creatively.
4. Economic and Social Value 
   Reuse can create jobs, support community initiatives, and offer affordable goods.
5. Infrastructure Support 
   Requires systems for collection, cleaning, redistribution, and resale.
6. Consumer Engagement 
   Encourages behavioural change and sustainable consumption habits.

Step 1: Identify Reusable Items 

• Audit your operations or product lines to find items suitable for reuse.
• Common examples: packaging, containers, electronics, furniture, textiles. 

Step 2: Design for Reuse 

• Use durable materials and modular designs.
• Avoid single-use components and complex assemblies. 

Step 3: Set Up Collection Systems 

• Create take-back schemes, drop-off points, or reverse logistics.
• Partner with community organisations or reuse networks. 

Step 4: Clean and Inspect 

• Establish protocols for cleaning, sanitising, and quality checking.
• Ensure reused items meet safety and performance standards. 

Step 5: Redistribute or Repurpose 

• Resell, donate, or lease reused items.
• Explore creative repurposing (e.g., upcycling, DIY kits). 

Step 6: Educate and Promote 

• Raise awareness about the benefits of reuse.
• Provide guidance on how customers can return or reuse products. 

Step 7: Track and Measure Impact 

• Monitor reuse rates, cost savings, and environmental benefits.
• Use metrics like waste diverted, carbon saved, or items reused. 

Step 8: Innovate and Scale 

• Explore digital platforms for peer-to-peer reuse or sharing.
• Integrate reuse into your core business model or product offerings.

1. Life Extension 
   Keeps products in use longer, delaying disposal and replacement.
2. Cost Efficiency 
   Often cheaper than buying new, especially for high-value items.
3. Environmental Benefit 
   Reduces resource extraction, manufacturing emissions, and landfill waste.
4. Skill-Based 
   Requires technical knowledge, tools, and sometimes specialised parts.
5. Accessibility and Support 
   Easier when repair manuals, spare parts, and service networks are available.
6. Right to Repair Movement 
   Advocates for consumer access to tools, parts, and information to repair their own products.

Step 1: Identify Repairable Products 

• Audit your product range or operations to find items commonly damaged or worn.
• Prioritise high-value, frequently used, or mission-critical items. 

Step 2: Design for Repairability 

• Use modular components and standard fasteners.
• Avoid glue, welded joints, or proprietary parts that hinder repair. 

Step 3: Provide Repair Resources 

• Offer manuals, tutorials, and diagnostic guides.
• Make spare parts available through online platforms or local partners. 

Step 4: Establish Repair Services 

• Set up in-house repair teams or partner with certified technicians.
• Offer repair as a service, either on-site or via mail-in options. 

Step 5: Educate Users 

• Train customers or staff on basic maintenance and repair.
• Promote repair culture through workshops, events, or incentives. 

Step 6: Track Repairs and Feedback 

• Monitor repair frequency, common issues, and customer satisfaction.
• Use data to improve product design and service quality. 

Step 7: Integrate into Business Model 

• Include repair options in warranties or service contracts.
• Offer repair subscriptions or loyalty programs. 

Step 8: Promote and Celebrate Repair 

• Share success stories and environmental impact metrics.
• Collaborate with repair cafés, makerspaces, or community initiatives.

1. Access Over Ownership 
   Users pay for temporary access to products or services rather than buying them.
2. Platform-Based 
   Digital platforms connect providers with users (e.g. Airbnb, Uber, Fat Llama).
3. Peer-to-Peer or Business-to-Consumer 
   Sharing can happen between individuals or via companies offering shared services.
4. Idle Asset Utilisation 
   Underused assets (e.g. cars, tools, spaces) are monetised and used more efficiently.
5. Community and Trust
   Reputation systems, reviews, and ratings build trust among users.
6. Environmental and Economic Benefits 
   Reduces resource consumption, lowers costs, and fosters local economies.

Step 1: Identify Shareable Assets 

• Audit your organisation or community for underused resources:
  • Vehicles, equipment, office space, tools, skills, or time. 

Step 2: Define the Sharing Model 

• Choose a model:
  • Peer-to-peer (users share directly).
  • Business-to-consumer (company owns and shares).
  • Collaborative consumption (group ownership or co-use). 

Step 3: Build or Join a Platform 

• Develop a digital platform or app to manage listings, bookings, payments, and communication.
• Alternatively, join existing platforms that align with your goals. 

Step 4: Set Rules and Policies 

• Define terms of use, pricing, liability, insurance, and maintenance responsibilities.
• Include cancellation policies, damage protocols, and user verification. 

Step 5: Promote and Educate 

• Market the benefits of sharing: cost savings, sustainability, flexibility.
• Provide onboarding guides and support for new users. 

Step 6: Foster Trust and Community 

• Implement rating and review systems.
• Encourage respectful use and transparent communication. 

Step 7: Monitor and Optimise 

• Track usage patterns, customer feedback, and asset performance.
• Use data to improve availability, pricing, and user experience. 

Step 8: Scale and Diversify 

• Expand to new asset types or geographic areas.
• Partner with other organisations or communities to grow the network.